Questions:

1. The concept of legal education of personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

2. Main measures to improve the work on legal education of military personnel.

The successful solution of the tasks of military reform in the Russian Federation is inextricably linked with improving the effectiveness of work on the education of military personnel and the growth of their legal culture. Legal education of military personnel is part of the general system of education of personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the most important means of strengthening the rule of law and military discipline, and preventing offenses.

1

Taking into account the high importance of solving the problems of strengthening the rule of law and military discipline for the implementation of the tasks of military reform, on April 15, 1998, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation approved the Target Program for legal education of personnel and strengthening the rule of law and military discipline in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 1998-2001. Its components are the Concept of Legal Education of personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Main measures for improving the work on legal education of military personnel and maintaining law and order in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 1998-2001.

The development of the Concept of legal education is conditioned by the need to develop a unified approach to the implementation of legal education of personnel in the context of military reform, to include all military administration bodies and military justice bodies in this work, and to activate interaction for this purpose with federal authorities, local self-government bodies, and law enforcement agencies.

The concept is based on the system of views adopted in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the essence, content, tasks of legal education of personnel and the organization of the work of military command bodies and officials in its implementation. Its purpose is to substantiate the initial theoretical provisions for improving the system of legal education of the Armed Forces personnel based on the requirements for the army of a legal democratic state, to determine the role and place of legal education in the process of the current stage of construction and reform of the Armed Forces. Main objectives of the Concept:

* determination of objects and subjects of legal education of personnel, tasks of subjects of legal education in the formation of the legal culture of various categories of military personnel and civilian personnel;

* defining the tasks of legal education, the main ways of its implementation, forms and methods;

* establishing the basics of managing the legal education of personnel.

The content of the Concept of legal Education can be changed and supplemented taking into account the progress of the reform of the Armed Forces, changes in the quality characteristics of personnel, socio-economic and other conditions of the Armed Forces.

It is developed in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the requirements of military legislation, as well as normative legal acts regulating the maintenance of law and order and military discipline in the Armed Forces. The concept is aimed at a high-quality solution to the problems of military reform in the Russian Federation, strengthening the rule of law and military discipline in the Armed Forces, and improving the level of legal culture of military personnel. It takes into account the existing experience of legal education of various categories of military personnel and civilian personnel of the Armed Forces and is intended to become the basis for the development and adoption of all subsequent regulatory legal documents on the legal education of Armed Forces personnel.

The concept treats legal education of the Armed Forces personnel as a purposeful and systematic influence on the consciousness, feelings and psychology of people in order to form deep and stable legal ideas, beliefs and feelings, instill in them a high legal culture, skills and habits of active lawful behavior.

The main areas of legal education of personnel according to the Concept are:

- development of clear ideological attitudes in the context of a complex and contradictory socio-political situation in the country and the reform of the Armed Forces;

- formation of deep and stable legal ideas and beliefs, skills of active lawful behavior;

- analysis of the situation in the country and the Armed Forces with the solution of problems of strengthening the rule of law and order and determining on this basis a system of priorities for the short and long term;

- ensuring interaction with state and local government bodies, law enforcement agencies, public associations in the implementation of legal education of Armed Forces personnel;

- use of historical and modern experience of legal education, both domestic and foreign;

- training of commanders (superiors) in modern forms and methods of legal education;

* increase the level of efficiency and completeness of operational informing of personnel about the requirements of regulatory legal acts;

* organization of counteraction to illegal public opinion in the military environment;

* increase the effectiveness of scientific research in the field of formation of legal awareness among military personnel, theory and practice of maintaining law and order and discipline in the military;

* improving the moral and psychological climate in military collectives.

From the point of view of content and practical implementation, legal education includes three inextricably linked components:

* first, it is a systematic, planned impact on a person in order to make them aware of the requirements of the law;

* secondly, ensuring the favorable influence of the social environment, creating the necessary conditions for the intensive assimilation of public legal awareness and legal norms by the individual;

* third, the inclusion of a serviceman in practical activities that contribute to the formation of his need for legal knowledge and the formation of the habit of complying with the requirements of laws and other regulatory legal acts.

In practice, legal education is carried out by explaining and studying the current legislation, as well as by influencing the consciousness and feelings of people through the practical application of legal norms.

The main means of legal education by explaining and studying the law are::

legal advocacy, legal training, and legal self-education.

The impact on the consciousness and feelings of military personnel by legal practice is carried out using such means as::

* maintaining a firm statutory order;

* personal example of commanders (superiors);

*good disciplinary practices;

* timely and legal resolution of complaints, applications and suggestions;

* creating an effective social protection system for military personnel and their families;

* law enforcement activities of military justice agencies;

* personal involvement of military personnel in strengthening the rule of law and order.

The organization and direct management of the legal training of personnel, as well as responsibility for its effectiveness, are assigned to commanders( chiefs), staffs, educational work bodies with the direct participation of legal service units. In this work, commanders (chiefs), staffs, educational work bodies interact with the bodies of the military prosecutor's office, military courts, territorial law enforcement agencies, legal scientific and educational institutions.

Organization of legal education of Armed Forces personnel includes::

* study and analyze the initial level of legal knowledge, beliefs and habits of lawful behavior of military personnel;

* identification of existing negative trends and problems in the legal education of personnel;

* forecasting the work on legal education, defining and formulating the goals and objectives of educational impact;

* identification of impacts on the object of legal education that can lead to both positive and negative results;

* planning of legal education as an integral part of the general system of education, determining the methods and methods of its implementation, content, sequence of related activities;

* direct organization of legal education, which is the selection of performers, their familiarization with the goals and objectives of legal education of personnel, coordination and coordination of their activities for educational impact on military collectives and individual military personnel;

* monitoring and adjustment of educational impacts during the implementation of legal education activities;

* analysis and generalization of the course and results of legal education, formation and implementation of proposals for its improvement.

The effectiveness of legal education of military personnel is achieved by observing the basic principles of unity of legal education and upbringing, individual and differentiated approach, skillful selection and use of appropriate forms and methods of work.

Legal education is organized by and. it is carried out constantly, consistently and systematically in the process of combat training, combat duty, and daily life of units and formations.

2

An integral part of the Target Program, along with the Concept of Legal Education, is the Main measures for improving the work on legal education of military personnel and maintaining law and order in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 1998-2001.

They provide for the revival of legal universal training of personnel. To this end, it is planned to develop a legal minimum for various categories of military personnel, introduce the practice of passing military personnel tests on it in each training period, develop a standard curriculum for studying legislation, and prepare proposals for including legal training in the list of subjects of training for various categories of military personnel. It is planned to create all the necessary conditions for officers to work independently on individual tasks for studying regulatory legal acts, as well as prepare proposals for creating legal knowledge universities at Officers ' Homes. It also provides for a number of other measures to improve the level of legal culture of military personnel, improve the theory and practice of work on legal education of personnel. Thus, a significant role is assigned to solving issues of improving the material and technical base of legal education. For this purpose, it is planned to issue reference and educational literature, provide military units with subscriptions to periodicals on legal topics, update the corners of legal knowledge in divisions, and other similar activities.

The frequency of carrying out the main activities of legal education of personnel is also established.

- unified day of legal knowledge - at least once a quarter;

- legal information: with officers and warrant officers-at least once a quarter, with soldiers and sergeants-at least once a month;

- additional substantive study of the legislation regulating the responsibility of military personnel, with personnel who commit offenses-weekly;

- Q & A evenings: with officers and warrant officers-once a half-year, with soldiers and sergeants - at least once a quarter;

- conversations on legal issues:

with officers and warrant officers-quarterly, with soldiers and sergeants-monthly.

In addition, it provides for regular open court sessions, bringing orders on the conviction of military personnel, sentences and decisions of military courts, as well as more active use of meetings of attestation commissions and comradely honor courts in the interests of legal education.

Speaking about legal education, it should be noted that there is a close relationship between the level of legal culture of military personnel and their social security.

This is explained by the fact that the main and most difficult problem in the field of social protection of military personnel is not so much related to the legislative provision of their rights, but rather to the level of legal training, legal awareness and legal culture of military personnel. After all, knowing their rights, military personnel feel more confident in defending their interests, rights and benefits. On the other hand, officials ' knowledge of legal norms also increases the guarantees of social protection of military personnel. It is no secret that it is the legal ignorance and legal illiteracy of individual commanders and superiors that sometimes causes the social problems of subordinates. Thus, the conducted research shows that 52 percent of the surveyed military personnel do not address their command with complaints about the violation of their rights, experiencing uncertainty in the ability of their superiors to positively resolve the problem. The commander (chief) must clearly know the legal basis for ensuring the rights and benefits of subordinates, and have appropriate skills in implementing regulatory acts on these issues.

The implementation of the Target Program of legal education of personnel and law enforcement in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 1998-2001 will provide all military personnel with the necessary amount of legal knowledge for the successful performance of their official duties and the exercise of the rights granted to them. The formation of highly effective, dynamic, and systematic legal training of military personnel will become one of the most important means of strengthening the rule of law and order in the Armed Forces, and a condition for successfully solving the tasks of military reform in the Russian Federation.

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