According to the 2002 census, the number of Kazakhs in the Altai Republic was 12,108. (6 % of the population); of these, 11,125 people. They lived in rural areas, including in the border Kosh-Agach and Ulagan districts-9517 and 517, respectively, in Ust-Kansky-583 people; 11153 Kazakhs called their native language their nationality. The history of the formation of this regional community began in the XIX century; it was predetermined by the processes of border demarcation and geopolitical strategies of the Central Asian powers, administrative and land reforms in the Russian Empire of the XVIII-mid - XIX centuries. The ethnopolitical map of the macroregion in this period had a complex dynamic structure. Only in the late 18th and early 19th centuries did the concept of "state border" become fixed; it was then that the problem of delimitation and demarcation of the eastern borders of Russia arose. By the eighteenth century. The Sayano-Altai region became a Central Asian outpost of the Russian Empire. In the strategy of state administration, border territories, their wealth and population were considered as one of the most important resources in the development of the state. The final formalization of the Russian border in Central Asia took place after the signing of the Margelan Treaty of 1894, which, following the Kuldzhinsky (1851), Peking (1860), Chuguchak (1864) and Petersburg (1881), created a fundamental contractual and legal basis for this. For the first time in the framework of the Chuguchak Protocol, the issue of securing the population of border territories was raised. At that time, the Russian borders included a significant territory (about 25,960 square versts) with 64 thousand souls of the nomadic population. Although the new border raised many questions, the signing of the treaty was of great importance, since it eliminated differences on territorial issues and helped to end local conflicts in the" no man's land". Even before the border was marked, the Ru ... Читать далее