Religions and Sports: Between Sacral Ritual and Secular Practice Introduction: The Athletic Body as a Field of Interaction Between Faith and Society The interaction between religions and sports represents a complex multidimensional phenomenon in which physical practice acquires symbolic and ritual dimensions, and religious prescriptions adapt to the realities of physical competition. This is not just a history of conflicts (as in the case of the ban on games in the Roman Empire), but a long evolution from the sacralization of sports in ancient cults to their modern instrumentalization for preaching and forming religious identity. Sports can be both part of a religious ritual and an autonomous sphere into which religion tries to impose its ethical norms. Origins: Sports Practices as a Form of Cult In ancient societies, sports and religion were inseparable. Physical competitions were considered an act of service to the gods, a demonstration of bravery, pleasing to the gods, or a form of divination (victory as a sign of favor). Classical Greece: The Olympic, Pythian, and Isthmian Games were religious festivals in honor of Zeus, Apollo, and Poseidon. The winner was considered marked by divine favor (coyne). Ritual purification of athletes, sacrifices, and oaths on altars were an integral part of the ceremonies. Mesoamerica: The ritual ball game (tlachtli) among the Maya and Aztecs had a deep cosmological meaning, symbolizing the movement of celestial bodies, and its outcome could determine the fate of entire cities. According to some versions, the losing team (or its captain) was sacrificed to the gods, highlighting the sacred status of the game. Religious-Ethical Systems and Their Attitude Towards Sports Different denominations have developed their own, sometimes contradictory, relationships to physical culture, based on their dogmatism and anthropology. Christianity: For a long time, it was in tense relations with the body. Early Church fathers (Tertullian, Augustine) ... Читать далее