The end of the 20s-beginning of the 30s of the last century is one of the most dramatic stages of Kazakh history. During these years, violent modernization provoked protest in the form of armed protests .1 They covered the entire republic. In 1929-1932, there were 372 performances, which were attended by about 80 thousand people. All actions were suppressed by units of the Red Army, as well as the OGPU troops. Several thousand people were convicted of participating in the movement, and hundreds were shot. Part of the cattle breeders of Western Kazakhstan migrated to the territory of Turkmenistan and, united with local tribes - the Yomud, led the fight against the Soviet government. Some aspects of this struggle are reflected in a number of studies and publications .2 In these works, the main focus was on the military defeat of rebel formations in September 1931. In contrast to N. G. Gujiants and AL. G. N. Nepesov, Yul. Polyakov, and A. I. Chugunov made extensive use of archival materials that reflected the results of the activities of the party (Communist Party of Turkmenistan) and military (Border Guards of the USSR) bodies. The documentary base of the topic was radically expanded due to the publication in 1972 of the collection "Border Troops of the USSR. 1929 - 1938", among the compilers of which was A. I. Chugunov 3 . A significant contribution to the development of the topic was made by works devoted to the history of the Turkmen Military District and the Tashkent Higher Military School named after V. I. Lenin4 . They describe in detail the combat actions of cadets of the Tashkent Military School who took an active part in the Karakum expedition of 1931 .The events that took place in Karakum in September 1931 were also reflected in the memoir literature. 5 In this article, based on archival materials, the author sought to reveal more fully the role of Kazakhs in the struggle of Turkmens against Soviet power in 1931. In the course of collectivization, some of th ... Читать далее