Wind Energy Prospects: From Megawatts to Gigawatts and Smart Grids Wind energy, which once occupied a niche position in the global energy balance, has become one of the pillars of global energy transformation. Its prospects for the next few decades are determined not only by the ongoing growth in scale but also by deep technological evolution, integration with other sources, and solving key issues such as the intermittency of generation. Wind energy is transitioning from the category of alternative to the category of mainstream. Exponential Growth and Geographical Spread Global wind energy capacity is demonstrating a sustainable exponential growth. According to international agencies, by 2030, total installed capacity may exceed 2000 GW, and by 2050, it may provide more than a third of global electricity demand. Initially, Europe (Denmark, Germany, Spain) and the United States were the leaders, but today, the center of growth has shifted to Asia. China is the unconditional global leader in terms of the pace of new capacity introduction and equipment production volume. Significant potential is being revealed by developing markets in Latin America (Brazil, Mexico) and Southeast Asia. Technological Evolution: Bigger, Higher, Smarter The key driver of the reduction in the cost of electricity (LCOE) has been technological innovation. The trend of increasing turbine sizes continues: modern offshore wind turbines reach power of 15-18 MW, and the diameter of the rotor exceeds 250 meters. This allows capturing more wind and increasing the efficiency of the installation. However, the future lies not only in gigantism. Technologies of "digital twins" are actively developing, which allow real-time optimization of the operation of each turbine in the park, predicting maintenance, and preventing breakdowns. The use of artificial intelligence for analyzing data from vibration, temperature, and load sensors significantly improves reliability and reduces operating costs. Offshore Wi ... Читать далее