They say a warrant is sweeter than an order. Especially now, when 210 thousand current and tomorrow's military pensioners do not have their own corner. The State Housing Certificates program is designed for them. What is the difference between this innovation and previous attempts to solve a sore point? The center of gravity is shifted from financing construction (with its constant "unfinished work") to subsidies to citizens in uniform. They are granted the right to independently buy ready-made apartments from any individuals and legal entities in their chosen locality. 80% of the average market value of housing is covered by the federal budget. Let's analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this practice.

First the celebrations, then the housewarming parties

Military personnel of the Tver garrison were among the first to receive certificates. A report about this event was broadcast on all TV channels. The atmosphere was lush and festive, as if the heroes of the day were being awarded honorary titles and orders. However, for some reason, there was no joy on the faces of the heroes of the occasion, who were congratulated by members of the Government and generals from the Ministry of Defense. After the ceremony, someone from the audience threw a remark: "It would be better to hand over the keys to the apartments with less fanfare!"

It was on the eve of Victory Day. And by the end of the summer, there was no trace of skepticism left. Benefits in the form of non-cash payments turned into housewarming parties. Almost forty officers and warrant officers of the military transport aviation regiment felt awarded after all.

- But at first they resisted, - Lieutenant Colonel V. Chebotarev, deputy regiment commander for educational work, recalls the Guards. - We found volunteers, and then we had to persuade them. Some people agree, but the next day they beg: "Return my report, I'd rather stay on the waiting list." People were afraid that they might be given something similar to a voucher. Who wants to be made a fool of?! I'll tell you a secret, I was convinced by my friends in the Moscow headquarters. I was advised to join the new social program as soon as possible. The first ones always win, even if it's an MMM pyramid.

Indeed, success accompanied Tver residents. Perhaps the proximity to the capital affected. Developers of the program and officers of the Ministry of Defense who ensure its implementation, representatives of the Central Bank, the Federal Treasury, and the Military Insurance Company came. The case was not allowed to take its course. Of the fourteen local commercial structures that agreed to mediate, only four were selected, the most reliable ones. They didn't limit themselves to education. Together with the city council, we moderated the appetites of lawyers who took 2% to 2.5% of the amount of assistance for notarizing transactions. They reduced the extortionate rate to 0.5%, and forced the difference to be returned to the payers.

Not all of a sudden, the personal certificates in question were respected. The queue for them was already lined up when it became clear even to those of little faith: these documents are not flashy, they bring tangible satisfaction in the form of square meters.

Guards ensign K. Kravets from the technical staff somehow managed to "grab" a 4-room section in a new building with an improved layout. And in an instant he was attacked by the media. With their help, he became a living embodiment of the state's concern for the dismissed servicemen. At the same time, in the shadow of the "TV star", as the ensign was jokingly dubbed in the team, there were less successful colleagues.

A Muscovite-born assistant to the ship's commander was bitterly disappointed. He measured the country's modest investment opportunities and the market's rampant housing prices. And he realized that, to his great chagrin, he would not see a decent apartment even in the near Moscow region. I'd love to go to heaven, but they don't let me in for pennies.

Gold Fund - secondary fund

Today, no one will be surprised by the abundance and variety of offers on the real estate exchange, this vanity fair. What is not advertised! Both fairy-tale palaces on individual projects, and luxury apartments in elite complexes, where everything is provided-from a favorable wind rose to secure underground garages. Just not about us all this comfort with spacious halls and high ceilings, with fireplaces, swimming pools, winter gardens, etc.Even military pilots do not aim at such splendor (by the way, everywhere in the world the most highly paid category of military professionals). And although "the sky is their home", they do not soar in the clouds, they do not build castles in the air - they are pinned down by meager means to the sinful earth. Did the golden fund of the Armed Forces, their personnel backbone, deserve this?

The facts speak for themselves:

90% of ready-to-move residential premises were purchased by military personnel on the secondary housing market. Calculations for partial use of credit resources and personal savings of program participants were not justified.

And our heroes did not set their sights on comfortable cottages in the prestigious Zavolzhsky district of Tver. Unlike the middle class, they didn't turn up their noses at serial large-panel blocks with their cubicles. They were looking for something that was cheaper, more worn - out-to meet the amount of a gratuitous subsidy.

Guards senior Ensign V. Sidorchuk is pleased that he almost got a 2 - room small apartment in an old house for nothing.

"This is the best option for our brother," he says, expressing the general opinion. "No one builds anything for the military.

35-year-old bortradist, who served 17 calendar and 30 preferential years, Sidorchuk indicated in the report that he agreed to quit if he received housing. The condition was fulfilled earlier than he expected. And it should be noted: Haggling with apartment sellers wasn't easy at all. From the buyer in uniform waved off: "We don't need your piece of paper. we are interested in live money." Five people were still granted mercy. Having made deals with them as a trial balloon, the brokers waited. The agreed deadline has passed - the funds have not been received. A certain joint-stock company that works with clients on subsidies, thoughtfully prepared an ad; "Please do not disturb the officers."

The delay was caused by regulatory issues. Consultations of authorized banks with the Ministry of Finance were delayed. We clarified, coordinated, and approved the instructions. Meanwhile, someone was giving up the dream of living in human conditions.

- What great apartments are gone! - describes the climax of V. Chebotarev. - Firms "drove" them to civilians for 22 thousand dollars. And they were not tempted by certificates with a nominal value of 25 thousand dollars. We, they say, with a greater profit "cash" scroll.

The picture changed dramatically, as soon as money flowed to the blocked target accounts. They wanted to deal with military petitioners.

The process was much more difficult than in Tver in those regions where the program participants were left to their own devices. That is why the desired registration of officers of the same regiment - I. Tishchepko, A. Tikhonov and others who wanted to settle in their homeland - in Bryansk, Perm, Pskov, Krasnodar Krai, Tatarstan-was much more expensive, morally and financially...

Provincial account of the Homeless Guard

What Major I. Tishchenko of the Guards experienced is quite typical. And so I quote his monologue almost verbatim:

- I decided to move with my family to Bryansk, closer to my parents. I asked for a 10-day vacation - I thought I'd turn around in that time. The regional administration looked at my certificate as a curiosity, and said: "Congratulations, but there's nothing we can do." And my petitions began. Everywhere I was congratulated and ... sent on. Many instances were passed several times. Barely registered the certificate.

The bank gave me a condition: we will pay your subsidy (151 thousand rubles), if you take an apartment from our fund. However, you will have to fork out a little. For a living space of 62 sq. m. m with two balconies demanded a deposit of 22 thousand rubles. And while I was thinking, this "slightly" was raised to 27 thousand rubles. No, brothers, I answer that, I can't afford gold square meters.

I hardly found a suitable option. Mostly they offered "khrushchebs" on the outskirts. I didn't even mention any long-term loans. I wish they wouldn't extort me. And then "staked out" real estate-a hundred dollars as if it had never happened! Confirmed the deal in the bank - another hundred down!

I was warned: if you don't receive an advance payment within a month, you can expect a fine, a one - and-a-half-percent penalty. Time is racing, and the account opened in my name is still zero. I panicked when I was a week away from "turning on the counter". I've already held out. At that time, they took me out of the state, I received an irregular salary - only half a thousand and a little.

I rushed to the regimental command. The command reasoned sensibly: since the program's viability is tested on people like me,it's not shameful to go directly to the highest authorities. With the help of the Deputy Minister of Defense for the rear, I got an appointment with Boris Nemtsov, then Deputy Prime Minister. He contacted the Bryansk governor on the phone in my presence and reassured me that the issue would be resolved positively.

I call my native province myself. Instead of good news, they report that the contract with me was allegedly drawn up incorrectly. I couldn't go to Bryansk right away - there were regimental exercises going on. A few days later, I find out on the spot: "my" apartment was intercepted by a more affluent buyer. It is clear that from civilians.

A failed attempt cost me about a thousand dollars. A broker and a notary each charged me 2% of the cost of housing. Not a single significant office, up to the technical inventory bureau, missed its share. And through what bureaucratic barriers I fought my way! One refers to another, the other to a third. And everyone should be "respected". Without a box of chocolates or a bottle of cognac, no one will listen to you. I will not disclose to whom of the officials and how much he donated. I'll just say: I gave everything I could. And in return - shish.

There is nothing to do: I calculated the losses and went to the second round. Again:

bank-firm-treasury... Again signatures, seals, banking details...

- But you still got the apartment? I couldn't resist looking at the epilogue of the Major's odyssey.

"Got it?" Tishchenko, who was so full of rage, exploded. "That's putting it mildly! Suffered, begged, knocked out the apartment-that's more accurate! And how it was used up! Just count it. I came to Bryansk four times, and the ticket is not cheap. One gasoline burned for a tidy sum. I drove around the city in my father's car, from institution to institution. On two hundred kilometers on another day waved off. In general, I spent a lot of money. I had to sign the contract twice - for 6 thousand rubles each! Officially! And how much is unofficially - I'm already silent. And this is called a free program for military personnel?! The flour walker quips.

..Here and there in the provinces, the volunteers of the tempting project were clearly given to understand: you are the first and last. They say that with the military clientele it is not interesting - you will not bargain, there is a lot of fuss - there is no fat.

Apartment Front: Lone Fighter Tactics

It seems that the mechanism of purchasing housing by military personnel for an irrevocable loan has been worked out. Sources of funding have been identified. Control by the executive authorities is provided...

It's on paper. But in real life... It is no wonder that the "hotline" in the Ministry of Defense, where you can contact the working group on the implementation of the program, does not cool down. Its head, Colonel A. Rylsky, notes that the course of the case is influenced by a lot of different circumstances. Mutual understanding between the Federal Treasury and its regional and regional branches plays an important role. Somewhere they cover certificates with funds from the local budget-to pay off debts to the center. Some prefer almost direct exchange of goods. It is good if it is equivalent. And then they manage to push the defenders of the Fatherland run-down apartments for government subsidies.

One gets the impression that the happiness of a homeless officer largely depends on how much traditional respect for the army is still preserved. In Chelyabinsk, it seems, they favor military pensioners. It is enough to mention the head of the local construction company Yu. Moskalenko. He promised to pay 200 army certificates and keeps his word, despite all the financial and economic upheavals in the country.

In some regions, even a month after the fall in the ruble exchange rate, more than three hundred retired people bought housing at the same rate as before. And in other cities, they try to get out of charity of this kind under one pretext or another. In Moscow, they are dissuaded by exorbitant real estate prices. Kaliningrad and Yekaterinburg are blamed for the lack of secondary housing stock. In a number of regional centers, the process, as soon as it began, stalled completely. For example, in Pskov, where living space has doubled in price.

And the prospects were very rosy. The "free choice of housing quality and location"was touted. It's like it's all about desire, not financial ability. Probably, they meant those who only out of harmfulness and stubbornness intend to turn away from the good and look for something worse and further away. They advised not to chase cheapness: the missing amount can allegedly always be filled with a long-term bank loan. And whether they will meet halfway with insolvent clients, low - income gentlemen officers-I don't say anything about that. They also promised all possible assistance, including the provision of a computer database that allows you to choose the best option. In fact, the applicant for property is pushed out into the elements of the apartment market, sometimes to the godless market: turn around as you like.

"Those who rely on themselves win," Colonel A. Rylsky admits.

The motto "Seek and find" is not very colorful for the government program. A very shaky formula for success, especially in an environment where the principle of "as I want, so I turn", which is guided by other government and private organizations, operates.

In the memo to the certificate owner, everything is beautifully painted. Most often, however, he is convinced that he is not welcome anywhere with open arms; that he is not covered by the service imposed by all sorts of trusts, agencies, associations; that in fact he is fighting his way to the cherished goal alone, overcoming a lot of obstacles, encountering businessmen of all stripes who are not averse to snatching from the bounty of the funded program, and along the way, win out as much as possible from tomorrow's newcomer. What unthinkable levies and duties are not collected from him! Somewhere they did not even hesitate to assign a bribe of 500 bucks for... withdrawal of funds. Sometimes extortion borders on blackmail: they say that the certificate expires, and you will not go anywhere, for a sweet soul you will buy a third-rate product.

It turns out that the state has granted a benefit that still needs to be fought for. And counting on the mercy of government and monetary structures in the provinces and capitals, their favor to the military, you will agree, is an unreliable guarantee. In addition, we know how to win sympathy in Russia, which is almost the world's leading country in terms of the degree of embezzlement and corruption of officials.

If the certificate's fellow students decided to make a set of unwritten anti-rules, it would sound something like this: "Settle where you give, not where you want", "Do not neglect useful acquaintances", "Do not spare gifts - the miser pays twice", "Do not be too picky, remember: mediocre is better than the worst", "Don't think you're the trickiest." Surely someone will add their hard-won truths to this instruction to the soldier of the apartment front.

If a NATO officer had offered such a bounty raid , he would have been offended. At the very least, I would hire a smart and honest agent and calmly wait for the result. And our wretch in uniform will also endure humiliation-if only in his old age he does not remain between heaven and earth, that is, without shelter, without shelter.

Ivan Vasilyevich changes his profession... corner radius

But let's go back to Tver, formerly Kalinin, where I lived. My father went to the military academy here. I won't forget how when we arrived, we asked for a place to stay, not finding a place in a crowded hostel. The Major and his wife could still get a job in a private apartment. When we saw three more youngsters in addition, we were refused. Fortunately, one "landlord" took pity on our horde - she let us go to her basement, separating the nook with a curtain. There was a light bulb in this hole even during the day. The walls were damp. My mother was cooking on a kerosene stove near the stairs leading to the light of day. We kids, standing on the iron bed, stared out the dim window and complained that we couldn't see anything interesting except the feet of passers-by...

After 45 years, my feet led me to the house where our family of five was nesting at 7 meters, and even had to please the malicious hostess. Bolshevik Uritsky Street was restored to its old name - Three Saints. I didn't find a monument to Stalin in the park or a woodpile in the courtyard. And communal apartments are also packed to the brim. The basements where some firms are entrenched are also not empty.

"The link of time has not broken up," I thought ironically, listening to the confession of Guard Major Ivan Vasilyevich Tishenko. He and his wife and two children spent several years huddled in a 12-meter cubicle. So the standards of army living and living have not improved significantly. All the same simple and unassuming paradise for gentlemen of Russian officers. Many of Tishchenko's fellow soldiers live on bird rights in civilian dormitories. Not the first year they are reputed to be malicious defaulters (the state salary is delayed) and somehow miraculously avoid judicial punishment.

It's not just that the guard major got even these notorious 12 meters. To" stake out a plot", it was necessary to prove what you are capable of. In this wing of the building, which belongs to some technical school, there were no window frames, no doors, and the plumbing was dilapidated. Ivan Vasilyevich personally engaged in carpentry and autogen welding. He made everything look divine. Shower, toilets restored, kitchen built. That earned me the right to move in. And in Bryansk, seeing the terrible situation of the officer, they rolled up to him with all sorts of proposals. They even lured me somewhere on the border - as a mercenary, immediately giving me a solid deposit. The officer also liked a large company that invited him to work in the "bread" field of a real estate appraiser: they say, you are a shrewd man, quickly delved into all the subtleties, running around with your certificate.

"I won't be lost in civilian life," Tishchenko says, as if trying to persuade himself. - I have the 4th category of both a motorist, a diesel operator, and a car mechanic. I'll earn more as a simple driver. But it's still hard to break with the army, with the native regiment. Believe me, I would go from aviation-nowhere, there I am in my place. Yes, but with our prosperity, what is life like? Poor 205 rubles a month for a hostel - and I can't even scrape them together. That's why I grabbed the certificate as if it were a straw. I traded my vocation for the opportunity to start a normal family. And it's time to pay off your filial debt. My elderly people have a meager pension, my mother is disabled, they always helped me out - with money and food...

An undisguised longing in the voice and in the eyes of my interlocutor. Since childhood, I dreamed of being only a military man. In ' 85, he graduated with a red diploma from the Vasilkovsky Military Aviation Technical School. Until the last day, when he was out of state, he hurried to work, performed his duties regularly, perhaps more zealously than usual. As if saying goodbye to what is dear to him.

How many kind words I have heard about Ivan Vasilyevich, the head of the aircraft group. Golden hands, a unique master in the repair and operation of aircraft. He is not the only one who sacrifices his favorite profession for the well-being of his loved ones. For "from the labors of the righteous you will not gain chambers of stone." Aces of military service leave their posts near complex weapons and join the squad of representatives of simple crafts. Who has more to lose - the officer, the army, society? Any smart person can become proficient in the trading business. Try to train a combat virtuoso!

Wings or roof?

The regimental command is reluctant to part with the likes of Tishchenko.

- What personnel are we losing because of the damned housing issue! - in the hearts of the Guards, Lieutenant Colonel V. Chebotarev exclaims. - Over the past year, the most experienced ship commanders and engineers have left the regiment.

Take the situation: according to the instructions from above, it is required to leave one of the two specialists. Do you think we keep the good and get rid of the bad? On the contrary! The first, a master of combat qualification, has an apartment (it was given to him on merit), and the second, sorry, does not have. So don't you dare fire him.

But the reports are there. Great guys don't get cut, but they sign up for subsidies for those who are being laid off. They don't see any other way out at our rate of providing housing: only 5 apartments in 2 years. As many as 250 people are waiting for their turn in the regiment.

The service also suffers from voyages of candidates for dismissal. While a person is hunting for an apartment, he is registered with the state, and we cannot appoint another person to replace him.

You can't help but wonder: why is everything so awkward here? People loyal to the army are faced with a bitter dilemma: either service or a roof over their heads. And this affects the Armed Forces not only in a quantitative but also in a qualitative sense. Combat personnel are rapidly averaging out. The best, outstanding ones are squeezed out of the system, as if they are bought off. And the mediocre ones are bribed with the opportunity to earn a pension in a relatively short time (10 years), "for nothing" to get a "hut".

Ill-fated square meters shorten the "runway" of service to the Fatherland. Personal well-being begins to concern people more than career and professional growth. First of all - no longer planes. When there is a militant private, self - serving interest around, many are drawn into the race for success. In order to have something for a rainy day, feverishly build garages, cottages. With these worries about a kind of alternate airfield, they distract themselves and distract their subordinates. The" ceiling " of acquisitiveness obscures the vast sky.

A heroic profession ceases to be such if its envoys think and act in a down-to-earth way. They have no right to live in philistine moods, to hide in the middle-class mnrok. Too majestic, let's say, the tasks of the defender of the Fatherland. All benefits should be given to him as an appendix to a difficult and dangerous military task. This has always been understood. When they take care of the fortress of the state, they do everything so that the service people do not need anything. But this is when they bake...

The huge debt to homeless "siloviki" - officers and warrant officers speaks for itself. It is not for nothing that wits have dubbed the reform of the Armed Forces a state program of unlimited patience. There are a lot of shortcomings here: the hasty disbanding and transfer of military units, their ill-considered placement... Add to this the squandering of "pay-offs" for the withdrawal of troops from far and near abroad...

A society that tolerates the construction of palaces by plutocrats and forces them to shed sweat and blood for huts is not worthy of respect.

Oh, these homeless parking lots on the eternal officer's nomad! How many times have you tried to equip the Armed Forces? It would seem that the current campaign for social support of military families, where the breadwinners go to the reserve, was conceived on a large scale, on a solid basis of the federal budget. 210 thousand of them are promised a housewarming party. It is planned to present sums of money for this purpose - 21 thousand people every six months. And what are the results of the first stage (there are 10 of them in the five-year program)? Of the issued almost 8 thousand certificates, just over 3 thousand are registered in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. One and a half thousand blocked bank accounts were opened and the same number of apartments were purchased. How lucky the rest of the army will be, it is impossible to guess. No announced projects can keep up with the rapidly deteriorating life.

Another housing campaign has already failed twice - due to the deplorable state of the national currency. If the ruble devalues , the purchasing power of the certificate also decreases. The weak consolation is the extension of the maturity dates of this document. In calculations for the due living space, you can already safely throw away one room. Devaluation devours the square footage. It is difficult to call a state plan something that is done spontaneously, depends on the will of chance and well-wishers. This five-year plan is unlikely to make everyone in need happy.

Oh, we would like to revive the ancient Russian tradition, when the military labor of the service class was rewarded with the distribution of estates! In my opinion, it is reasonable to give land to those who are able to protect it and are ready to shed blood for it...

Recently, I heard firsthand how an ordinary American air base is thriving. Everyone there - from the general to the family sergeant-lives in the same comfortable mansions. After serving in the local troops, everyone, if desired, receives ownership of a plot of land.

Let's say we can't afford overseas standards. But why not adopt the experience of yesterday's brothers in arms? I know for sure: in the Czech Republic, a newly minted officer writes a wish for where he would like to settle after military service. And be sure: for the retired person, they reserve both a cottage and a job to suit their taste. And so, until the deadline, he is content with housing the garrison fund.

Will we have such a thing? After all, the ever-pressing burden of apartment problems does not allow you to breathe, cheer up.

...Ironically, the regimental emblem features the golden crown of the Tver coat of arms, supported by wings. In the sky, pilots may reign supreme, but on earth, they eke out an existence in shacks. In such conditions, it doesn't hurt to spread your wings.

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