Topic # 5 for ensigns (midshipmen)

questions:

1. National interests of the Russian Federation and their characteristics.

2. Ensuring the national interests of Russia in modern conditions.

Historical practice shows that national interests are the foundation, the core of the entire edifice of national security of the state. It is national interests that determine the system of measures to ensure the protection of the individual, society, and the state from existing dangers and threats. A country that does not have its own system of national interests cannot form a real system of its own security and pursue a reasonable military policy.

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The national interests of Russia are a set of balanced interests of the individual, society and the state in the economic, domestic, social, international, information, military, border, environmental and other spheres.

The national interests of Russia are formulated in the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 10, 2000. They are characterized by a long-term nature and determine the main goals, strategic and current tasks of the state's domestic and foreign policy. National interests are secured by State power institutions that perform their functions, including in cooperation with public organizations operating on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The national interests of Russia are based on the national heritage and national values of the peoples of the Russian Federation, are provided with economic opportunities, social, geopolitical, spiritual, moral and intellectual potential of a multinational Russian society, and the political and military organization of the Russian state.

The carriers and concrete exponents of national interests are individuals( individuals), the state and society, with their own social values and needs, aspirations and attitudes in ensuring effective security in all spheres of life. Thus, the interests of the individual consist in the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms, in ensuring personal security, in improving the quality and standard of living, in the physical, spiritual and intellectual development of a person and citizen.

The interests of society include strengthening democracy, creating a legal and social state, achieving and maintaining social harmony, and spiritual renewal of Russia.

The interests of the Russian state are vital. They presuppose the inviolability of the constitutional system, the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Russia, political, economic and social stability, the unconditional provision of the rule of law and the maintenance of law and order, and the development of equal and mutually beneficial international cooperation.

Vital national interests are those interests that the country will never compromise on, and if necessary, is ready to use military force to ensure them. They express the totality of Russia's needs, the satisfaction of which ensures the possibility of independent existence and progressive development of the state, creates the necessary conditions for the realization of its constructive role in the world community.

The realization of Russia's national interests is possible only on the basis of sustainable economic development. Therefore, they are key in this area.

Unfortunately, the ongoing negative processes in the economy, the weakening of the single economic space of Russia

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and its most important components - industrial, technological and transport links, financial, banking, credit and tax systems, increased external technological dependence still pose a threat to the national security of the country.

A comprehensive solution to the problems associated with the realization of the totality of Russia's national interests is possible only on the basis of a stable, dynamic and systematically developing high-tech production that can provide the economy with high-quality raw materials and modern equipment, the social sphere-with a variety of consumer goods and services that meet the requirements of our day; the Armed Forces and other troops - with the latest types of weapons and combat equipment. technology, and foreign trade-competitive export goods.

The current state of the Russian economy has predetermined both numerous internal difficulties and a relative weakening of the country's foreign policy positions on the world stage.

In the sphere of domestic policy, Russia's national interests, as noted in the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation, are to preserve the stability of the constitutional system and state power institutions, to ensure civil peace and national accord, territorial integrity, unity of the legal space and the rule of law, to complete the process of establishing a democratic society, as well as to neutralize the causes the emergence of political and religious extremism, ethnic separatism and their consequences - social, interethnic and religious conflicts, terrorism.

An organic element of the system of interests of Russia is its national interests in the social sphere. They consist in ensuring a high standard of living for the people and increasing their well-being. However, in the current conditions, the social rights of the general population are not sufficiently protected. The stratification of society has acquired unacceptable proportions. This, in turn, creates conditions of instability and the risk of social and interethnic conflicts. The demographic situation has become difficult. Therefore, it is fundamentally important to solve the problem of achieving public agreement on ways to strengthen and strengthen interethnic and interfaith relations in the country.

It is necessary to take into account the importance of respecting interests in the social sphere for the spiritual and cultural development of Russia. The fact is that national interests in the spiritual sphere largely determine and reflect the state of Russian society. They are aimed at preserving and strengthening the moral values of society, the traditions of patriotism and humanism, and the country's cultural and scientific potential.

Russia's national interests in the international sphere, the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation emphasizes, are to ensure sovereignty, strengthen Russia's position as a great power - one of the influential centers of the multipolar world, and develop equal and mutually beneficial relations with all countries and integration associations, primarily with the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Russia's traditional partners, in the universal observance of human rights and freedoms and the inadmissibility of applying double standards.

Recently, Russia's national interests in the information sphere have become particularly relevant. Their essence is to respect the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens in the field of obtaining and using information, to develop modern telecommunications technologies, and to protect state information resources from unauthorized access.

Russia's national interests in the military sphere are multidimensional. They largely integrate interests in all other spheres and consist primarily in protecting the independence, sovereignty, state and territorial integrity of Russia, preventing military aggression against it and its allies, and ensuring conditions for the peaceful and democratic development of the state. Ensuring the security of individuals, society and the state in the defense sector requires the state to concentrate its efforts on systematic military construction and radical military reform.

The national interests of Russia in the border sphere consist in creating political, legal, organizational and other conditions for ensuring reliable protection of the state border of the Russian Federation, in compliance with the procedures and rules established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for carrying out economic and other types of activities in the border area of the Russian Federation.

Russia's national interests in the environmental sphere are of paramount importance for human life. They consist in preserving and improving the environment. However, insufficient attention is still being paid to this area. Outdated industrial technologies, energy - and material-intensive technologies that pollute the natural environment, are preserved. Unfortunately, you can't count on a quick solution to these problems.

As formulated in the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation, " the most important components of Russia's national interests are the protection of individuals, society and the state from terrorism, including international terrorism, as well as from natural and man-made emergencies and their consequences, and in wartime - from the dangers arising from the conduct of military operations or as a result of these actions..." The events of recent years and months clearly demonstrate to us the need to take the most urgent and drastic measures in this direction.

Thus, the national interests of Russia are closely related and interdependent interests of citizens, the state and society as a whole. Ensuring human rights and freedoms, their security and well-being, and, consequently, the sustainable development of the State and society, is the main thing in the national interest.

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National interests, being a complex and multidimensional entity, depending on the state of domestic and international relations

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conditions, specific tasks of the national security policy are manifested in the following forms: origin, awareness, identification, institutionalization and provision. First of all, we will be interested in the function of ensuring national interests as the most general and practically oriented. It represents conscious actions of the country's political and military leadership in accordance with military-political goals, motives, and plans for military-political activities to ensure the security of citizens, society, and the state.

The main tasks in the field of ensuring the national interests of Russia and its national security are formulated in the fourth section of the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation. These include:

- timely forecasting and identification of external and internal threats to the national security of the Russian Federation;

- implementation of rapid and long-term measures to prevent and neutralize these threats;

- ensuring the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation and the security of its border area;

- boosting the country's economy, pursuing an independent and socially oriented economic course;

- overcoming the country's scientific, technical and technological dependence on external sources;

- ensuring the personal security of a person and citizen, their constitutional rights and freedoms on the territory of Russia;

- improving the system of state power of the Russian Federation, federal relations, local self-government, forming harmonious interethnic relations, strengthening the rule of law and preserving the socio-political stability of society;

- ensuring strict compliance with Russian legislation by all citizens, officials, government agencies, political parties, public and religious organizations;

- ensuring equal and mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia and the leading countries of the world;

- raising and maintaining the state's military potential at a sufficiently high level;

- strengthening the non-proliferation regime of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery;

- taking effective measures to detect, prevent and suppress intelligence and subversive activities of foreign States directed against the Russian Federation;

- radical improvement of the environmental situation in the country.

Ensuring the national interests of Russia also includes protecting the cultural, spiritual and moral heritage, historical traditions and norms of public life, preserving the cultural heritage of all the peoples of Russia, and forming a state policy in the field of spiritual and moral education of the population.

A wide variety of methods, methods and means can be used to ensure national interests. However, a special place among them is still given to military force.

Therefore, the most important activity of the state is to ensure the country's military security. The main goal here is to be able to adequately respond to threats that may arise in the XXI century with rational spending on national defense.

The national interests of the Russian Federation require the presence of sufficient military power for its defense. The Russian Armed Forces play a major role in ensuring the country's military security. At the same time, the Russian Federation prefers political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means to prevent wars and armed conflicts.

The armed Forces of the Russian Federation with peacetime combat personnel should be able to provide reliable protection of the country from air attack and solve, together with other troops, military formations and bodies, tasks to repel aggression in a local war (armed conflict), as well as strategic deployment to solve tasks in a large-scale war. In addition, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must ensure that Russia carries out peacekeeping activities.

The Russian Federation considers the possibility of using military force to ensure its national security based on the following principles::

- the use of all forces and means at its disposal, including nuclear weapons, in the event of the need to repel armed aggression, if all other measures to resolve the crisis situation have been exhausted or proved ineffective;

- the use of military force inside the country is allowed in strict accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws in cases of threat to the lives of citizens, the territorial integrity of the country, as well as the threat of violent changes in the constitutional order.

The system of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation is created and developed in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of Russia, Government resolutions and orders, and federal programs in this area.

The system of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation and its vital national interests is based on the bodies, forces and means of ensuring national security that implement political, legal, organizational, economic, military and other measures aimed at ensuring the security of the individual, society and the State.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation, which defines the vital national interests of Russia, fully takes into account the norms of international law and complies with national legislation. It meets the goals of the state's domestic and foreign policy at the present stage, its capabilities, and takes into account modern realities. At the same time, the document has the necessary flexibility and can be adjusted in accordance with the changing situation.

Colonel Alexander RODIKOV, Candidate of Philosophy, Professor of the Combined Arms Academy of the Russian Armed Forces

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