eccentricity and irony: a scientific view of the national habits and humor of the English The national character of the English, often described through stereotypes of formality and restraint, in fact represents a complex cultural code where the main ciphers are habits and humor. Their analysis allows us to understand the deep mechanisms of social interaction in English society. Social ritual as a foundation: habits forming communication The daily habits of the English are not just domestic actions, but a coherent system of unwritten rules ensuring social comfort and distance. Culture of privacy and "inviolable personal space". This is manifested in physical distance in queues, in the famous silence in elevators, and, interestingly, in ritualized conversations about the weather. Linguist Kate Fox calls conversations about the weather "phatic communication" in her book "Observing the English" — its goal is not to exchange information, but to establish a safe social contact. The phrase "Nice day, isn't it?" translates as "I am friendly, let's talk without violating boundaries". The ritual of queuing ("queueing") is elevated to the rank of national virtue. Psychological research shows that this is not just following rules, but a mechanism for maintaining justice and control over chaos. The passive-aggressive expression "I was here before you" is considered a powerful moral argument. Breaking the queue is an attack on one of the pillars of English social order. "Understatement" (understatement) as a linguistic norm. The English tend to consciously downplay the significance of events and their own achievements. Victory in a competition will be described as "It went rather well", and a serious injury will be said "It's just a scratch". This habit is rooted in the culture of restraint ("restraint") and the fear of appearing boastful or emotionally uncontrolled. Humor as social glue and a protective mechanism English humor is a direct continuation of these habits. Its main ... Читать далее