Diplomatic relations between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 18th century are a significant part of the foreign policy of both powers and represent one of the most important and interesting subjects of European political history. This paper examines the specifics of Russian-Ottoman diplomatic relations in the context of the evolution of international relations from the end of the Seven Years ' War (1756-1763) to the signing of the Peace Treaty of Iasi (1792). Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Russian-Ottoman diplomatic relations, Kuchuk-Kaynardzhi Peace Treaty, Iasi Peace Treaty. The Ottoman Empire entered the second half of the 18th century unencumbered by wars and armed conflicts. This longest period of peace in the history of the Ottoman Empire (1740-1768) crowned the "era of Sultan's calm". For more than two and a half decades, the empire was engaged in solving its internal problems, observing from the outside the European competition for influence on the Austrian throne (1747-1748), the course of the Seven Years ' War (1756-1763), and the formation of the military-political alliance of Prussia and Russia against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In April 1764, the Russo-Prussian treaty was concluded, according to which Russia received the right to invade Polish territory, and in September of the same year, despite the resistance of France, Austria, Prussia and Great Britain, Stanislav Poniatowski was elected to the Polish royal throne, which in Western Europe and in Istanbul was clearly perceived as a protege and "protégé" of the Russian Empress Catherine II [Aksan, 1995, p. 115]. The strengthening of Russian influence in Poland and the intervention of St. Petersburg in the affairs of the Moldavian and Wallachian principalities vassal to the Ottoman Padishah seriously worried not only Sultan Mustafa III, but also King Frederick II of Prussia and the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa, who postponed for a while the dispute over the border between A ... Читать далее